WTO内“潜在利益”的保护:一种新的贸易干涉工具

在美国投诉欧共体"香蕉贸易体制案"中,专家组和上诉机构均支持了美国基于"潜在利益"所享有的"投诉资格"。联合国秘书长将此案作为WTO援引国家责任条款草案第42条和第48条的例证。在此背景基础上,考虑到国家基于某些WTO协议所承担的义务具有"对一切"的性质,以及WTO内既存"非违法之诉"的事实,"潜在利益"有被用作贸易干涉工具的可能性。作为贸易干涉工具的"潜在利益",既有利于促进国家更好地履行WTO义务,也可能被贸易强国用作扩张自身利益的工具。     

国际小额信贷模式运作机制比较研究

国际上公认有成效的四种小额信贷模式在贷款抵押、利率形式及目标客户的选择等运作机制设计上存在差异.通过比较发现以连带责任替代抵押担保、以市场化利率取代贴息利率及采用动态贷款激励是这些模式取得高还款率和绩效的关键.为使小额信贷能在新农村建设中发挥作用,我国应建立以农村信用社为基础、市场化运作的小额信贷模式,把联保机制引入农村经济组织及实施差别利率,实现小额信贷财务持续性、服务穷人与社会效益的平衡发展,最终缓解或消除贫困.     

农民创业行为影响因素研究——基于西北五省区调查的实证分析

基于西北五省区的调查数据,运用Logit离散选择模型,对农民创业行为的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:培训、社会经历、社会背景、人力资本等对农民的创业行为有正向影响,其中培训的边际影响值最大;年龄因素的影响是负的;性别、父母职业、兄弟姐妹数、父母平均受教育程度等因素的影响不显著。     

我国中央、地方政府区域调控的利益博弈分析

地方政府与中央政府的区域经济利益博弈是市场化改革进程中的必然产物。在分权化改革与市场化改革交互作用的体制变革时期 ,以政策调整为主要手段的中央与地方之间的利益关系有其必然性及制度性缺陷。中央与地方之间的非合作利益博弈还会持续较长时间 ,要从根本制度上减少和解决二者之间的非合作博弈行为 ,就必须进行体制创新 ,加快市场经济体制建设的步伐。     

Changing Perceptions and Changing Behavior in Customer Relationships

We formulate a theoretical model in which we postulate that if customers' behavior is perceived as not optimal, customers will adjust this behavior based on their current satisfaction and payment equity. Furthermore, customers will also include new experiences. In our empirical study we particularly investigate customer referrals and the amount of services purchased. Our results show positive effects of current satisfaction and payment equity on referrals, while also changes in satisfaction and payment equity affect customer referrals. With respect to the amount of services purchased, our estimation results reveal a positive significant effect of only changes in satisfaction.     

论国际金融市场上利率传导的机理及表现

当国际金融市场的利率与一国利率存在差距时 ,国际资本便会流入或流出 ,随之又会影响其他国家的资本供给和利率。由于利差的经常存在 ,国际游资数额巨大 ,利率差的传导渠道不容低估。本文从利率的流动性效应着手 ,运用开放经济条件下利率传导的基本原理及利率、汇率和通胀率之间的关联性 ,分析国际金融市场利率传导机制的表现 ,得出来自利率、汇率平价机制的市场性传导在金融全球化过程中有力地影响着各国的利率水平 ,并且通过实际利率的变化影响经济运行步伐。     

中国上市公司内外融资的顺序偏好

文章指出,对中国上市公司中的股份异质公司而言,若不考虑关联交易因素,内源融资逊色于外源融资,其所偏爱的股利政策为现金分红,这意味着中国证券监督管理委员会将现金分红作为上市公司申请配股或增发先决条件的现行规定可能并不妥当,加强对上市公司关联交易的监管才是问题的根本。在有报告盈余的情况下,这类公司会趋向于大规模派发现金股利,除非其报告盈余存在虚假或日后存在向其控股股东输送利润的可能,因此投资者及相关政府部门可利用这一特性低成本地甄别其企业会计报表的真伪及未来发生非对等关联交易的可能性。     

How do Scores of DIT and MJT Differ? A Critical Assessment of the Use of Alternative Moral Development Scales in Studies of Business Ethics

The construct of Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) has drawn much attention in the study of business ethics for over two decades. The Defining Issues Test (DIT) has made a significant contribution to the literature as an easy-to-administer CMD instrument, and the Moral Judgment Test (MJT), an alternative scale, has also been used widely especially in Europe. The two scales differ in their approaches to measuring CMD, focusing on stage preference (DIT) and stage consistency (MJT), yet empirical comparisons have been scarce. The present research empirically compares the two scales in terms of their correspondence with ethical ideology as a reference scale, and it demonstrates a clear distinction between the DIT and the MJT. Although they both aim to measure CMD, their dissimilar approaches lead to distinctly different implications.     

Experimental analysis of choice

Experimental choice analysis continues to attract academic and applied attention. We review what is known about the design, conduct, analysis, and use of data from choice experiments, and indicate gaps in current knowledge that should be addressed in future research. Design strategies consistent with probabilistic models of choice process and the parallels between choice experiments and real markets are considered. Additionally, we address the issues of reliability and validity. Progress has been made in accounting for differences in reliability, but more research is needed to determine which experiments and response procedures will consistently produce more reliable data for various problems.Sawtooth SoftwareDecision Research     

略论保险利益对道德危险的防范作用

保险利益是保险法中防范道德危险最直接、最有效的法律制度,不过其作用的发挥受到该制度具体内容的影响。要以对道德危险的防范为中心,探讨保险利益内涵的法律界定方式、该原则的效力范围以及人身保险中保险利益等颇具争议性的问题。通过对比国外立法经验和考查我国现行法律规定的不足,为我国保险法的完善提出建议。